Lenny Martini | Knowledge Communities

Lenny Martini

Knowledge Communities

and the Social and Discursive Construction of Bandung as a Creative City

february 2024, 332 pages, paperback, size 225 x 155 mm
isbn 978-3-947729-85-2
series Das regionale Fachbuch

also available as ebook (PDF)

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Description

Bearing a positive, optimistic, and exclusive connotation, “creative city” has become a “hype” urban development concept, being adopted by many cities worldwide. Thus, without careful consideration and solid theoretical grounds in the local context, enforcing the creative city concept can potentially be a trap for these cities, exacerbating the prevailing urban problems while inadvertently hiding the issues behind the aesthetic urban facades. Bringing the case of Bandung, a creative city in Indonesia, the book unpackages the struggle of knowledge communities—a bottom-up youth literacy movement—in facilitating the citizen of Bandung in translating the concept to fit into their local context and to be recognized internationally. Through the lens of the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD), the research analyses urban development, the creative city concept, knowledge communities, and their interplay as political phenomenons laden with interests, power, contestation, conflicts, dependencies, collaborations, and other dynamic forms of interaction.
Challenging the homogenic interpretation of creativity and creative city, as well as the blind adoption of the concept, the book elaborates on the multiple interpretations of the creative city concept in Bandung; and the different responses of knowledge communities. By nurturing empathy, maintaining the vibrancy of the city, and fostering literacy, the case of knowledge communities in Bandung exemplifies the significant role of a grass root movement in constructing and shaping the forms of development in a non-reference city where experimentation and contesting global urban development fads take place.

Table of contents

Table of contents (PDF)

Abstract       vii
Acknowledgements   ix
List of Figures   xv
List of Tables   xix
Abbreviations   xxi
Glossary of Terms   xxv
Prologue       xxix

Chapter 1
Introduction: The Right to the ‘Creative City’   1
   1.1    The Hype around the ‘Creative City’   1
   1.2    Contextual Background: Bandung   5
   1.3    Research Objective   8
   1.4    Outline of the Book   11

Chapter 2
Discourses of the Creative City Concept and Knowledge Community   15
   2.1    Discourses around the ‘Creative City’   16
       2.1.1 Creative Urban Planning   18
       2.1.2 Creative Economy and Industry   21
       2.1.3 Cultural Production and Policy   24
       2.1.4 Critiques on the Creative City Concept   27
   2.2 Conceptual Discussion around ‘Knowledge’ and ‘Knowledge Community’   31
       2.2.1 Community of Practice, Knowledge Society, and Knowledge Community   31
       2.2.2 Knowledge Sharing   35
       2.2.3 Local Knowledge and bottom-up Urban Development   40
   2.3   Current Research Position   42

Chapter 3
Research Design and Operationalization   51
   3.1    Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD)   51
   3.2     Conceptual Framework   54
   3.3     Positionality    57
   3.4    Data Compilation and Analysis   59

Chapter 4
Repertoire of Creativity in Bandung   67
   4.1   Creativity and the Entertainment Culture   68
   4.2    Creativity and the Intellectual Inquiries   73
   4.3    Creativity and the Struggle to Survive   76
   4.4    Creativity, Counter-culture, and Entrepreneurialism   83
   4.5   Concluding Discussion    88

Chapter 5
Knowledge Communities in Bandung   91
   5.1   Typology of Komunitas and Knowledge Community   92
   5.2   The Emergence of Knowledge Communities   95
   5.3   Knowledge sharing: Energy, Empathy, Literacy   99
       5.3.1 Knowledge sharing   99
       5.3.2 Energy, Empathy, Literacy   107
   5.4   The Characteristics of Knowledge Communities   115
       5.4.1 Common Interest   115
       5.4.2 Common Space   117
       5.4.3 Independence   120
       5.4.4 Friendship-based Network   122
       5.4.5 Diversity   123
   5.5     Concluding Discussion   128

Chapter 6
Bandung as a Creative City   131
   6.1   Adoption of the Creative City Concept in Bandung   132
   6.2   The Creative Mayor   145
   6.3   Creative City as an Economic Driver   151
       6.3.1 Alignment with National Strategy of Creative Economy Development   151
       6.3.2 Supports from Media, Academician, and Business Institutions   157
   6.4   Creative City as City Branding   161
       6.4.1 UNESCO City of Design   162
       6.4.2 Logo and Branding Design   165
       6.4.3 Creative City Artifacts   168
   6.5 Creative City as Social Identity   172
       6.5.1 Home of Creative People   173
       6.5.2 A Trendsetter City   176
   6.6    Concluding Discussion   181

Chapter 7
Legitimation and Contestation   183
   7.1   Legitimation from below   186
       7.1.1 BCCF: Initiation, Strategy, Program   186
       7.1.2 Keprok: Amplifying the Ambition of Bandung as a Creative City   196
   7.2    Contestation of Creative City Interpretations   205
       7.2.1 Narrow Interpretation of ‘Creativity’   206
       7.2.2 Contesting Creativity   214
   7.3   Concluding Discussion   220

Chapter 8
Delegitimization and Negotiation   223
   8.1   Delegitimization of Creative City Labeling for Bandung   224
       8.1.1 Political Vehicle and Bandwagoning   225
       8.1.2 Negative Consequences of Creative City Concept Implementation   230
       8.1.3 Gimmick: Bandung under its Grand Illusion   240
   8.2 Negotiation   254
       8.2.1 Ten Principles of the Indonesian Creative City   254
       8.2.2 Expanding Knowledge Stocks on the Creative City and Creativity in Bandung   259
   8.3   Local Commitment, International Collaboration   262
   8.4   Concluding Discussion   267

Chapter 9
Conclusion
   9.1   Bandung: Knowledge Community and Creative City   273
   9.2   Recommendations    275

Bibliography   279
Annex 1: List of some Knowledge Communities in Bandung    299

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